The Components of Macintosh Graphics
The Components of Macintosh Graphics
Broadly speaking, a Macintosh graphics system has three parts: QuickDraw,
the video card and screen that constitute the display device, and the interface
between them.
QuickDraw
QuickDraw comes in three varieties: the original version offered with
systems equipped with a 68000 micro processor; the original
Color QuickDraw, which appeared with the Macintosh II; and the current
Color QuickDraw, which was introduced as 32-Bit QuickDraw and is now
part of system software version 7.0.
In general, applications that use the original QuickDraw routines are
compatible with all Macintosh systems. Applications using the original
Color QuickDraw work even better under the new Color QuickDraw. But
applications that use Color QuickDraw routines cannot execute under the
original QuickDraw, nor can applications using direct pixel images run on
the original Color QuickDraw.
Note that the original QuickDraw contains a simple eight-color system that
is compatible with all machines (although the colors cannot be displayed on
early black-and-white systems), so if your application needs eight colors or
fewer, you can maximize compatibility by using that system, which is
described in the QuickDraw description.
Whenever possible, earlier versions of QuickDraw have been upgraded with
later features. For example, later versions of the original QuickDraw can
process pictures that include color information. Although such QuickDraw
versions cannot display color, they display the best black-and-white
approximation possible.
The Interface
The Monitors control panel lets users arrange their screens in relation to
each other in space (above or below, side by side) and select how many colors,
if any, a device is to display.
The Color Picker Package offers you a standard way to present the user
with a color-selection dialog box. The Color Picker's wheel and slide controls
let the user preview and select any color the hardware can produce. (The Color
control panel, for example, uses the Color Picker to let the user choose a
highlight color to be used on the desktop.)
The Monitors control panel and the Color Picker are user interface modules
that demonstrate an important axiom: the user is in charge. The user can select
any one of trillions of colors through the Color Picker, and that same user may
set the color device to show only black and white pixels.
The Palette Manager provides a set of routines with which you can create
and control the set of colors needed by your application window. Palettes are
especially important with indexed screen devices, which support only displays
that show a maximum of 256 colors at once. Since all or parts of several
applications and the desktop may be visible on the screen, and they may all
have different color schemes, contention can arise for those 256 table places.
The Palette Manager can arbitrate among the contenders and automatically
see that the color requirements of the frontmost, or active, window are met
first.
And no matter how wild a neon-blacklit-backlit effect you create, the
Palette Manager re stores graphics order when your application
terminates.
The Palette Manager and Color QuickDraw both use the low-level
graphics abilities of the Color Manager to find the best color available when
all color table indexes are taken and another color is needed on the screen. The
Color Manager examines the available colors and determines which of them
is closest to the requested color. If your application needs to paint a race car
British racing green, for example, you can ask for it by using a
Color QuickDraw routine, and hope that whatever the Color Manager
finds available is a close enough match to look good. Or you can ask the Palette
Manager for the color and specify how close the match has to be. If no color
comes as close as you like, the Palette Manager loads the exact color you
requested into the color table for the device.
The Graphics Devices Manager and the Slot Manager are the final links
to the video driver and its card. The Slot Manager examines every installed
card when the system starts up, and from the information the cards supply,
the Slot Manager supplies QuickDraw and the graphics interface managers
with the information they need to operate. The Graphics Devices Manager
manages the record that describes the capabilities of the graphics card.